环境气氛作用下煤灰在刚玉质耐火板上的表面结渣行为

采用了扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射等方法对不同环境气氛下熔融煤灰在刚玉耐火板上煅烧渣样进行了测试，并就渣样的形貌、成分分布及与刚玉质耐火板之间的高温烧结特性进行了分析研究。研究结果表明，氧化性气氛下，碱性氧化物促进了煤灰在刚玉耐火板上的黏结作用，特别是Al含量较高的耐火板更有利于促进其发生共晶反应。还原性条件下，煤灰中生成的FeO具有很强的助熔效果，促使矿物之间产生低熔点的共熔物，同时Fe、Cr、Ti的扩散偏析减弱，加强了熔融煤灰对耐火板的黏结作用。     

Propagation properties of a partially polarized electromagnetic twist anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model beam in turbulent atmosphere

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral formula, analytical formulae for the elements of cross-spectral density matrix of partially polarized electromagnetic twist anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model (TAGSM) beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere can been derived by a tensor method. Our main attention was focus on the effect of the atmospheric turbulence, twist parameters and partial coherence on the spectral degree of polarization, the spectral degree of coherence and the spectral density. Numerical calculation results and analysis are given.     

A Stochastic Model for Transport of Particulate Matter in Air: An Asymptotic Analysis

A branching particle system with changes of size is considered as a model for transport of particulate matter in air. This type of model is motivated by problems arising in the context of air pollution. High-density fluctuation limits for the process recording the positions and sizes of the particles through time are presented. These results allow to compute approximate probabilities for the temporal and spatial concentrations of particles of given sizes (in particular the small-sized pollutant particles which pose a health hazard).     

Fractionally differenced models for water quality time series

This paper deals with the selection and evaluation of statistical techniques for use in the modeling and forecasting of water quality time series. The focus is on statistical concepts relevant to the analysis of flows and concentrations. A selection of time series procedures has been used for auditing water quality archival data, including the screening of data sets, correlation and spectrum calculations, and iterative model fitting. A summary is provided of experience with analyzing archival data on the Niagara River and the use of a fractionally differenced model.This paper is the result of a study performed for the International Joint Commission, United States and Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the direction and support provided by Dr. Joel L. Fisher.     

The international space year: Priorities and perspectives

Summary Principal purposes of the International Space Year (ISY) have been discussed. In view of the increasing significance of ecological problems it is becoming clear that there have to be two key directions of the ISY programmes: 1) various problems relevant to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (global climate change, global biosphere dynamics, regional ecological problems: desertification, forest decline, acid rains etc.); 2) comparative planetology. One of the most urgent problems is connected with the accomplishment, of the ?Mission to Planet Earth? which has to be based on the creation of an optimal global system of satellite and conventional ecological observations (especially for various typical ecosystems). Studies of the other planets have to be coordinated with requirements of further investigations in the field of the Earth's ecology.     

Hemilabile‐coordinated copper promoted amination of aryl halides with ammonia in aqueous ethylene glycol under atmosphere pressure

Direct amination of aryl iodides and bromides with ammonia under 1 atm pressure has been effected using in situ‐generated hemilabile coordinated copper(I) species from copper(I) halides or copper metal in aqueous ethylene glycol, producing primary aromatic amines in good yields. Ammonia pressure and water were found to accelerate the copper‐mediated reaction while strong chelating ligands showed a suppression effect. A rationale for the copper‐mediated amination of aryl halides with ammonia is given based on a double‐face role of chelating effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO P_(co_2) EVOLUTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE BASED ON ASSOCIATIONS OF SEDIMENTARY MINERALS

Based on the theory of pH evolution of sea water and the balance between the seawater and the atmosphere the authors discussed the problems about (i) the method ofcalculating P_(CO_2) in the ancient atmosphere with the associations of sedimentary miner-als; (ii) the evolution of P_(CO_2) values in the geologic history; (iii) the relations of thepH evolution of sea water with carbonate precipitations; and (iv) calculation of the pHlimit for some associations of sedimentary minerals and its corresponding P_(CO_2) valuesin the atmosphere. The authors pointed out that though carbonates had deposited little in the Archaean,the content of CO_2 gas in the Archaean atmosphere was very high and was gradually go-ing up to form a thick CO_2 atmosphere. Up to 2600 Ma ago, the P_(CO_2) had reached a gradeof 10- 50 atm. There was a general trend of evolution that from the early Proterozoicera to the present the depositional horizon of carbonate layers was gradually risingand finally surpassed the horizons of clay min     

300 MW等级燃煤机组煤粉炉与循环流化床锅炉汞排放特性比较

选取某地330 MW煤粉炉(PC炉)和350 MW循环流化床锅炉(CFB)的燃煤电厂进行汞排放特性的研究。采用30B法和安大略法对两个燃煤电厂的除尘器入口、除尘器出口、脱硫塔出口和湿式电除尘器出口的烟气进行了取样和汞浓度分析,采集了入炉煤和副产物底渣、飞灰及脱硫石膏样品。通过样品中汞含量的分布,探讨了PC炉与CFB锅炉机组现有污染物控制设备对汞的协同脱除作用。结果表明,350 MW CFB电厂除尘器出口烟气平均汞浓度降低至0.43μg/m~3,布袋除尘器对汞的捕获效率达到98.9%,相应的燃烧副产物中飞灰是汞的主要富集对象。对于330 MW PC炉电厂,除尘器入口和除尘器出口烟气汞浓度均高于350 MW CFB电厂,烟气汞浓度从除尘器入口、除尘器出口到脱硫塔出口依次降低,在脱硫塔出口烟气汞浓度降低至0.42μg/m~3,静电除尘器和湿式脱硫塔对烟气汞的捕获效率分别为75.0%和22.4%,相应的产物中飞灰和脱硫石膏中汞都有一定程度的富集。     

大气运动非线性稳定性研究中的能量-Casimir方法

介绍使用能量－Ｃａｓｉｍｉｒ方法（Ａｒｎｏｌ＇ｄ方法）研究大气与海洋运动非线性稳定性所取得的若干新进展，建立了适用于有限振幅、任意空间结构扰动的非线性稳定性判据．用初始状态给出了扰动场在任意时刻的上界与下界估计，提供了关于扰动变化性态的有关信息．对该领域理论研究与应用的深化与发展问题也作了讨论．     

Studies on the structure and catalytic performance of Cu-Zn-Al catalyst prepared by liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmosphere

Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmospheres. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Their application in the single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas was also investigated. The results indicate that the type of heat treatment atmosphere has an influence on the Cu species and the Cu⁰/Cu⁺ ratio on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the final Cu/Zn ratio on the catalyst surface is mainly dependent on the composition and reaction environment of the catalyst and little on the type of heat treatment atmosphere. The prepared catalysts can suppress sintering of active sites at high temperatures, and the type of heat treatment atmosphere mainly affects the capability of the catalyst for methanol synthesis. The catalysts perform best using N2 as the heat treatment atmosphere.